Describe the Main Features of the Fulling Industry in Pompeii.

Describe the main features of the fulling industry in Pompeii. The fulling industry was extremely important in Pompeii. We know this as there have been at least four fulleries found in Pompeii, the most famous of these fulleries is the Fullery of Stephanus. The Fullery of Stephanus is situated on the Via Dell Abbondanza. This Fullery was a dwelling with accommodation for the slaves working at the Fullery.Throughout the transformation of the dwelling into a Fullery the existence of the house was not lost, as the rooms were unchanged. I know that the fulling industry was important because of where the fulleries were situated, the Fullery of Stephanus was positioned on one of the main streets of Pompeii; this was important because it was surrounded by other small businesses and was next to a textile business, showing there was a strong chance that this industry was likely to be linked to other businesses especially in the cloth trade.From the evidence that has been found we know that cl oth was brought there to be washed and treated in a mixture of urine and soda, (and then trampled on which released the grease and then was bleached), we are told this by the elaborate red paintings on the walls. It also suggests that urine was collected in large pots in the streets which were used by passing pedestrians as it was a valuable resource.For the fulling industry you need good supplies of water and from the evidence of lead piping found, there was a good supply of water to the industry, this mainly would be because they could afford it; however there is also evidence that there were people and businesses were illegally taking water from the official supplies.As previously said the fulling industry was important to the Economic status of Pompeii, this is because the Eumachia building in the forum was built and paid for by family which were linked to the Fulling industry, many people believe they paid for this because of how vital it was to the cloth trade, and the wool in dustry. We also know that this industry was an important part to the city because it was involved in local politics, and fullers were believed to of stood for election. What evidence is there for the baking of bread in Pompeii?There is evidence for around 35 bakeries, and most of these in North side of town, close to the necessary supplies of grain. From the number of bakeries found archaeologists believe that bread was a staple to the Pompeian’s diet, and they would rather buy it than make it themselves. At the largest bakeries they had the facilities to grind their own wheat for the flour, as they had the mills, the bakery of Modesto being a prime example. They believe at Modesto the mills made of volcanic rock were turned by animal power.They added the grain at the top of mill which was then turned and filtered through to the bottom where it was collected on a stone tray. At Modesto there were also large ovens with the serving hatches nearby for the use of the public. We a lso know that the dough used for the bread was normally mixed by hand but on industrial scale wooden paddles were used. Once the dough was mixed it was shaped and marked by the baker. We know things were done on industrial scale because 85 carbonised loaves were found in one oven, this also shows there was a large demand for bread.The ovens found were fuelled by olive logs and large chimneys and flumes took away the smoke and some of the heat. There is evidence that there was a list of what was available on the wall, and all these were found in the oven carbonised from the eruption of Mt Vesuvius. There is also evidence that some of these loaves were sold on the street, we know this because there is a message scratched into the wall of the temple of Apollo that ‘bread is sold here’.What purpose did the Forum have in Pompeii? The Forum was not just a one building wonder; it had many functions. Not only was it the towns trading centre it was a place of religious statues a nd included a law court as well as places for business meetings. In the open space they think markets would have been held, this space was raised to the pavements and they think the road may have been closed to wheeled traffic whilst the markets were taking place.At the north end of the forum was the Temple of Jupiter and honorary arches dedicated to Drusus and to Tiberius to Germanicus. The south end of the forum was bordered by three municipal buildings. On the west side was situated the Basilica, the Temple of Apollo, the grain market and warehouse. On the east side stood the covered food market or Macellum, the sanctuary of Lares Publici, the Temple of Vespasian, and the Building of Eumachia and the Comitium. They believe the building of Eumachia possibly served as a wool market.The basilica was the main court of Law in Pompeii and was where legal business including trials would have taken place. The Temple of Apollo was next to the Basilica was a large imposing building surroun ded by 48 columns, this was paid by the local councillors which shows the wealth of Pompeii and its citizens. The Macellum, Eumachia and grain market show that Pompeii was a centre of trade in the religion and that the forum lay at the heart of this trade.The public weights and measures table at the northern end of the forum would have been used by public officials to check that sellers were being fair to their customers and selling the correct weights, which also shows that the people earned their money fairly. However at the times of the eruption the forum didn’t contain any of the statues of important citizens as they are presumed to be in safe keeping or in repair after the damages that Pompeii suffered in the earthquake of AD62 which contributed to Pompeii being a lost city.

Employment Law Compliance Plan Essay

As you begin the venture of establishing your new business, hiring your first employee or building an entire team of employees brings forth a whole new area for compliance regarding employment and labor laws; this includes both federal and state laws. Atwood and Allen Consulting has compiled an Employment Law Compliance Plan specifically for Landslide Limousines so that you are aware of any and all laws you must abide by as a new employer. Outlined below you will find a brief overview of each law (both state and federal), as well as a summary of consequences if you do not abide by these laws. State Laws The Texas Payday Law Under the Texas Payday Law, all Texas private employers must abide by this law regardless of the size or number of employees. This law requires employers to pay employees in full and on time on regularly scheduled paydays (Kizziar, Bracewell & Guiliani, 2012). Various types of compensation is subject to the Texas Payday Law, which includes compensation for services rendered regardless of how they are computed; commission and bonuses according to the agreement between the employee and employer; and certain fringe benefits due under written agreement with or by policy of the employer. An employer must also meet other obligations for payment of wages  to remain compliant with this law, this includes the following: An employer must pay wages to FLSA exempt employees at a minimum of once per month; FLSA non-exempt employees must be paid at a minimum of twice per month. Employers must have a designated payday, and must also post sufficient notice that is made available to all employees r egarding the designated payday. If an employer fails to establish designated paydays, the paydays will be the first and fifteenth day of each month (Kizziar, Bracewell & Guiliani, 2012). An employee who is terminated from employment must be paid no later than six (6) days from the termination date. Employees who voluntarily terminate their position must be paid on the next regularly scheduled payday. Commissions and Bonuses must be paid in the same manner and time frame in which other wages are paid. All wages must be paid to employees in US currency by check or direct deposit. Employees may receive wages earned in another form only if it is agreed upon between the employer and the employee. An employer may not withhold or garnish employee wages earned unless it is ordered upon by the court, federal or state law, or has the written authorization from the employee to do so. Consequences for Non-Compliance If employers do not abide by this law, an employee has the right to file a wage claim with the Texas Workforce Commission. If the employer is found guilty of non-compliance of any of the above named provisions outlined in this law, the employer may suffer both civil and criminal penalties (Texas Workforce Commission, 2013). The Texas Minimum Wage Act Requirements The Texas Minimum Wage Act was adopted to establish a minimum wage rate for FLSA non-exempt employees in the state of Texas. Effective on July 24, 2009, Texas began to follow the federal minimum wage requirement of $7.25 per hour; as the federal minimum wage requirements change, the state requirements will also change resulting in an automatic wage increase (Texas Workforce Commission, 2013). The Texas Minimum Wage Act also requires employers to provide each of their employees with a written earnings statement, which provides information that enables employees to determine from a single document whether they have been  paid correctly for a given pay period. This Act also pardons numerous employers from its coverage. The primary exemption from the Texas Minimum Wage Act is for any person covered by the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Other specific exemptions include: Employment in, of or by religious, educational, charitable or nonprofit organizations; Professionals, salespersons or public officials; Domestics; Certain youths and students; Inmates; Family members; Amusement and recreational establishments; Non-agricultural employers not liable for state unemployment contributions; Dairying and production of livestock; and Sheltered workshops (Texas Workforce Commission, 2013). Consequences for Non-Compliance If for any reason the employer does not comply with the Act, the employee may file a claim with the Texas Workforce Commission. If the employer is found guilty, they may be subject to civil penalties, with the addition of attorney fees and court costs. Federal Laws Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 This law makes it illegal to discriminate against any individual on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. This law also makes it illegal to retaliate against an employee if they may have complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. Title VII of the Act mandates employers to make reasonable accommodation for both applicants and employees in regards to religious practices, unless doing so would impose an undue hardship on the operation of the employer’s business. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 The Equal Pay Act of 1963 makes it illegal for an employer to pay different wages to men and women References Kizziar, J. H. (2012). The Texas Payday Law: Where Is My Paycheck? Retrieved from http:// (2012, January). The Texas Payday Law: Where Is My Paycheck? Kizziar News. Retrieved from http://www.bracewellgiuliani.com/assets/KizziarJan2011News.pdf Texas Workforce Commission. (2013). Texas Minimum Wage Law. Retrieved from http://www.twc.state.tx.us/ui/lablaw/texas-minimum-wage-law.html

Whole Foods Market Business Analysis

Sales have doubled since then and 66% of the British adults now consume organic food and drinks. Their weakness Is the fact they haven't expanded Into the global market except for Canada and the ASK. There has also been several recalls on brands purchased by the company. The opportunities appear to be significant In this retail market. There Is an Increasing desire for organic, healthy products which bodes well for the success of opening new stores. The threat is competition as the demand grows and more stringent regulation. Rental increases is also a concern.In making a decision on whether to invest in Whole Foods Market, the welfare and needs of the internal and external stakeholders need to be considered. Growth depends on Bonds and Stockholders. The company must show consistent growth in order to be able to have available borrowing outlets. The employees are instrumental in keeping the customer feel wanted and satisfied with their shopping. The surrounding community wants to feel compatible with Whole Foods facilities, products and service. And the distributors supplying the company's product need to know there Is a commitment from their customers.Whole Foods Market is a unique, organic food and natural product supermarket chain located in the US, Canada and ASK. As a wholly owned subsidiary, they are headquartered in Austin, Texas and employ approximately 64,200 people: 13,300 are part-time and 2,700 temporary employees (Denominator, 2012, p. 4). They have an increase in revenue in 2011 from the previous year of 12. 2%, an increase of 25% in operating profit and net profit increase of 42%. (â€Å"Event Brief of IQ , 2012 Whole Foods Market Earnings†, 2012).These figures are significant in recognizing the company's success in recovering from the recession which hit them In 2008. Presently, the organic food market Is fragmented with many small mom and pops which presents many opportunities for growth by Whole Foods. Fred Meyer, a discount chain, carri es an Increasing array of organic foods, but not the quality and quantity of their high end competitor. The company's strength is in its focused growth plan. â€Å"The new store openings has enabled it to grow at a compounded and annual growth rate of 26% during 1991-2011†. Denominator, 2012, p. 6). They have formalized their square footage for new and renovated stores by past analysis of their successes and allures. The expansion into the I-J market, in particular the 2007 acquisition of 80,000 square feet in London could be a major step into a market outside of the US. Sales have doubled and 66% of the British public consumes organic food and drink. (Live Business News, 2012, p. 3) Their weaknesses lay in lack of expansion into international operations, product recall of certain brands, and increasing rental costs.Recalls are an issue. They have had to withdraw Whole Foods Market Dairy Free bakery products because it contained milk which was not on the label. Texas had to c all cheddar cheese products because of an e-coli contamination and there was a possible Salmonella contamination for the Whole Foods, Carob Energy Nuggets in 2009. They have not been able to successfully expand into markets other than a few stores in Canada and the I-J. They have not been able to obtain competitive prices from their distributors for these stores because of the low volume.Whole Foods also has a weak advertising budget and relies heavily on Internet and word of mouth, a disadvantage when their competitors advertising strategies are expanded into other markets. (Live Business News, 2012, p. 7) Leases for space and equipment have increased significantly from 4. 8 million in 2004 to 201 million in 2007. Future growth could be impacted. The increasing demand for organic foods and the new emerging life styles of the American public appear as great opportunities for Whole Foods Market. â€Å"According to industry estimates, the sales of organic food increased three fold si nce 2000 to exceed $28. Billion in 2010† (Denominator, 2012 p. 7) With this increase in sales, the company is still the only chain catering and available to this market. They are continually expanding their product base to include such foods for customers with facial dietary needs. The trend of the American family is moving towards eating at home and eating healthy. Competition in the food retailing market is intense. Currently, Whole Foods does not experience significant competition in the organic food, natural products, and vitamin supplement area. But, as the demand and desire grow, so will the competition.

Language And Literature Essay

Analyze, compare and contrast the following two texts. Include comments on the similarities and differences between the texts and the significance of context, purpose, audience, and formal and stylistic features. Cranes by Jennifer Ackerman, and To a Waterfowl by William Cullen Bryant, both aim to enlighten and educate their readers on the behavior and beauty of waterfowl. Text 1, Cranes, an article from National Geographic from 2004, demonstrates how people can help birds discover their migration patterns, while in contrast; Text 2, To a Waterfowl, a poem written in 1815, illustrates how birds can aid people in the search for inspiration. Ultimately both, Cranes and To a Waterfowl focus on these specific birds with the intention of promoting the appreciation and understanding towards nature. This comparative commentary will aim to identify and investigate the similarities and differences between the two texts, through the analysis of the significance of the context, audience, purpose, and formal and stylistic features. Cranes, a journalistic article established for National Geographic, explores the habitation of a community of cranes. The article discusses the operations of the new crane reserve, where the endangered species are monitored during their growth in a simulation of a natural environment, where humans in crane costumes examine their development. The article further demonstrates its journalistic characteristics when it quotes crane biologist Richard Urbanek, who explains, â€Å"these chicks have been raised in captivity but have never heard a human voice nor seen a human form, except in crane costume.† Fundamentally, the article demonstrates the experimental program to reintroduce a wild migratory population of whooping cranes to the eastern half of North America, and the process involved in reaching their goal. In contrast, To a Waterfowl explores the narrator’s personal experience and response to an encounter with a waterfowl. The poem demonstrates a narrative, which illustrates a crane’s flight and its struggle to escape the hunter and its demise, which results in the individual establishing an internal reflection, which ultimately reveals the morality that William Bryant wanted to convey. The didactic poem creates a natural scene in order to derive a moral lesson from it, which I believe, very romantically, that no matter how circumstances present themselves in life, you will be directed by the providence of God, or a higher â€Å"Power†. Though fundamentally, Cranes and To a Waterfowl both discuss and explore experiences relating to cranes, they possess different purposes, which essentially results in them possessing different target audiences as well. To a Waterfowl’s main purpose is to communicate the central moral teaching regarding God’s benevolent providence. The waterfowl acts as an allegory to express this theme within the poem. Referring to the poem allegorically, the waterfowl may represent human struggles that we face throughout life, while the bird’s adversary, the hunter, represents the pursuing threats that we constantly face in life. I believe that the poem is targeted towards a more mature audience due to its thematic complexity and seriousness. In contrast to this, Cranes’ purpose is to inform and educate the readers on the â€Å"modern techniques† pioneered by â€Å"Operation Migration†, and their mission to help â€Å"endangered birds learn their traditional migratory routes.† Therefore, I believe that this National Geographic article’s intended audience are individuals who are interested or concerned about the preservation of endangered animals, and in this example, specifically cranes. A significant difference between the two texts exists in their structures. Cranes is presented as an article, and demonstrates many of the format’s characteristics. Visually, it possesses two images, in order to compliment the text and attract the reader’s attention to the article, and is structured in paragraphs. In terms of context and language, the article demonstrates numerous examples of factual information, supported by evidence, rather then expressing opinionated points. For example, referencing â€Å"crane biologist Richard Urbanek†. In contrast to this, To a Waterfowl illustrates numerous examples of standard characteristics of a poem. Bryant divides the poem into eight stanzas, each with the same metrical structure and each with the same rhyme pattern. Although both texts are written in different formants and demonstrate different structures, both texts exemplify the use of descriptive imagery in their use of language in order to enhance the description the writers are trying to illustrate. For example, in the poem, the writer describes the surroundings by saying, ‘weedy lake’, ‘rocking billows’, and ‘crimson sky’, while in the article Cranes, the first paragraph has examples such as ‘emerald green grass’, ‘snow-white plumage’ and ‘elegant black wing tips that spread like fingers when they fly’. Furthermore, in contrast to the article, the poem utilizes allusions towards the Bible, by mentioning heaven, and utilizing biblical language such as â€Å"thou art gone†. Conclusively, both texts, Cranes by Jennifer Ackerman, and To a Waterfowl by William Cullen Bryant demonstrate numerous contrasts in their use of language, purpose, audience and stylistic features, however, both are similar in their aim to communicate the significance of crane migrations, scientifically, and emotionally.

Starry Night, by Vincent Van Gogh Analysis

Rebecca Shulman February 25, 2013 ENGL 205-04 Epic and Romance Paper #1: Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh, 1889 Swirls mix with white, yellow, blue, and black as the town sleepily yet still so helplessly moves on with its life. No one can truly understand the mystery of the night until they’ve watched it grow. The night is born so magically as the sun of the day descends over the horizon and the moon peeks in through the shadows. It’s a darker sun, and although it is not quite as bright as the first, it is still able to shine down and create a new light for those who wake.The earth is cooled to the core as the town howls with blue breezes, while the wind chills the bones of those who walk the streets. I ponder at this painting, and wonder what thoughts pop in the minds of those whose eyes before mine have already fallen upon this golden wonder. It seems like such a small and quiet village, where the trees, so dark and gloomy as they are at dusk, grow ascending from the ground and are never ending structures.Behind the eyes of the painter was the thought of an ever-changing starlit sky in France, comparing dark with light and how it’s effects were so important to how life can look in one of the many perspectives. The oils are swimming expectantly across the page, creating this wild cotton candy vibe to the soft creamy delight of sweets that enter my imagination while I sit and stare at the tinted buttercream colored moon.As it smiles in my direction, I imagine what it’d be like if there were tiny raindrops slowly falling, but there isn’t a single cloud among such radiant tiny balls of fire. The lines in the sky dance and twirl like waves of an ocean crashing along the shore during the mightiest of storms. I can’t help but wish that I could be a part of this memorable scene, thinking what it would feel like to swim amongst the honey dipped stars so high above me, as I raise my hands and lift my chin, aiming towards the he avens.I’d look below me as my arms spread so angelic, looking down toward the low-lit buildings as I surf around this world full of beautiful wild colors of nature. Though there is a glow throughout the drawing, there is also a clear exactitude of how the sky and land are separated by colors. Where the skies glow of yellow is stronger than it is near the ground, the brightness of the waning moon shows how far that beauty can shine over the land like a guide, or a distant friend.

Microsoft PLC Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microsoft PLC Report - Essay Example After the initial success of the MS-DOS, the company released its Windows line of operating systems. The company’s products have all accomplished near-ubiquity in the market for desktop computers. Apart from this, it has been noted that Microsoft has footholds in other markets, possessing assets such as the MSN Internet portal, MSNBC cable television network, as well as the Microsoft Encarta, which is essentially a multimedia encyclopedia. The company also sells both computer hardware merchandises like that of the Microsoft mouse and even home recreational products like that of the Xbox. The company published an initial public offering (IPO) in the stock market, which, particularly because of the resultant increase of the stock price, has resulted to four billionaires and a projected 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Tracing Microsoft’s history, the company has been the up against a lot of criticism, particularly accusations of having a monopolistic business practices and even anti-competitive business methods which involves the company’s rejection to deal and tying. The U.S. Justice Department together with the European Commission has charged Microsoft for a range of antitrust infringements (US Department of Justice, 2007). Recognized for what is in general defined as a developer-centric business nature, the company has in history provided customer support over Usenet newsgroups and the World Wide Web. Even though, the company has been well acknowledge for leading the industry they are currently in, the company is also faced a with a number of economic burdens particularly in their economic position. Financial statements of the company have also revealed details determining the company’s economic position. The company has been faced with many ups and downs through the years although in some cases it was still able to manage the total return towards the end of the year. During the year 2006, the company’s

The Chemistry of Biodiesel Production Term Paper

The Chemistry of Biodiesel Production - Term Paper Example Biodiesel is one such form of hydrocarbon based fuels. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines biodiesel fuel as monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from a renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oil or animal fat (Zhang et al. 1). It is made by chemically combining any natural oil, fat or recycled grease with a suitable alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The general equation that can be used to predict the amount of biodiesel that will be made from fats and oils is as shown: 100 pounds of oil + 10 pounds of methanol > 100 pounds of biodiesel + 10 pounds of glycerol Biodiesel can be used as neat (B 100) or in a blend with petroleum diesel for example a blend of 20 % biodiesel with 80 % petro-diesel by volume, is termed â€Å"B 20† (van Gerpen et al. 22). ... The Biox process involves the use of a co-solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), to solubilize the methanol. THF enhances solubility of the alcohol in the triglyceride phase and thus hastens the otherwise slow reaction (van Gerpen et al. 38). With THF the reaction takes 5 to 10 minutes at a low temperature of 30 °C. On the other hand, in the supercritical process a high alcohol to oil ratio (42:1) mixture is subjected to supercritical conditions – temperatures of 350 – 400  °C and pressures of 1200 pounds per square inch and above. So far, the huge capital and operating costs incurred in performing the supercritical reactions have made scaling up of this process to be quite difficult (van Gerpen et al. 40). The most common way to produce biodiesel is through transesterification. Transesterification refers to a catalyzed chemical reaction involving vegetable oil and an alcohol to yield fatty acid alkyl esters (which is the biodiesel) and glycerol. Catalyzed processes ca n be further subdivided into three major processes: acid catalyzed processes, alkali catalyzed processes and enzyme catalyzed processes (Zhang et al. 2). The alkali catalyzed process involves use of a basic catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide whereas the acid catalyzed process involves the use of an acid such as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, or organic sulfonic acids as the catalyst. In enzyme catalyzed processes, lipases are used to catalyze transesterification in either aqueous or non-aqueous systems. Acid catalyzed and alkali catalyzed processes are the ones that continue to receive the most attention largely because the production of enzymes is significantly costly and their reactions remarkably slower (Zhang et al. 2). As mentioned previously,