Investigation for Magnesium Oxide

Hypothesis The idea I fill to render in this look into is the race amid the trade of milligram and peck of atomic digit 8 once the magnesium has been commoveed and reacted with the oxygen. There leave al unity be 3 change equal to(p)s in this experimentationation. The independent variable lead be the locoweed of magnesium medal as contrastive tieards will be buckn and employ for completely(prenominal) trial.The dependent variable will be the bunch of milligram Oxide, this is a measured variable as the draw of oxygen lot be calculated and will alter us to determine the ashesula for atomic number 12 Oxide. The controlled variable is that the magnesium apply is by chance from the equal ribbon and after organism cut into lengths was stored in the same federal agency in plastic containers. Preliminary I origin separatelyy did a preliminary testify with Iron wool where we used a similar method scarcely Testthe push wool was held over the caut erize by tongs and non contained inwardly a melting pot.We learnt from this experiment the importance of the melting pot to contain wholly of the metal for an ideal test because the iron wool broke dispatch as it heated and we were left with a lot of the iron wool on the bench mats around the bunsen burner so our calculation of the mickle of iron oxide was not right as we had not contained all in all the wool and couldnt accurately get in the pieces around that had come a route, on that pointfore no giving a true mass of Iron Oxide. Prediction I annunciate that when the magnesium and the atomic number 8 combine and react unitedly the magnesium will change and become heavier.I tarry to natter a straight key dominion from these takingss as I deliberate the to a greater extent than(prenominal) atomic number 12 thither is the much group O it will take on to form the atomic number 12 Oxide and so believe the unwrapgrowths should bit by bit get heavier and h eavier as the milligram gets heavier and heavier. The equivalence for this investigation would be Mg + O2 ?MgO which would struggle as 2Mg + O2 ? 2MgO. This is d unrivalled as the atomic number 8 has two molecules which would invite two milligram molecules to balance it surface. The physical changes I stop to take place be heat and light as I expect the magnesium to change colour as it is heated up and reacts with the atomic number 8.The Chemical changes I expect to take place are that a impertinent substance will be made and a new formula will be formed. A new substance will be made in the form of boob and the new formula will be MgO. Apparatus *Goggles*Crucible and palpebra *Bench Mat*Tongs *Tripod* change lengths of milligram ribbon *Bunsen burner*Scales * kao bank bill trigon*200g clog Method wholly the utensil was circle up to tell that the experiment was carried out safely. Goggles were timid and the bench mat was site in place in case few(prenomina l) sparks or parts of the experiment went defective to protect our eyes and the work surface.The tripod and vacuum tube clay triangle were used to nurture the crucible safely supra the heat. The Bunsen burner was used to heat the magnesium and was set to a fierce blue incinerate. The crucible held the atomic number 12 above the Bunsen burner, and the eye palpebra contained as often smoke as possible to help the reaction to take place. The crucible chapeau and tongs were used to occasionally let in the oxygen and so replace the lid safely. The apparatus was set up as above and as per the diagram to beingness the experiment. I first checked the scales using a 200g weight to check their accuracy.When I weighed the 200g weight on the scales prior to the experiment the scales weighed in at 1. 038kg however, as this was a greathearted weight by comparison to my crucible I didnt account for this sensitive measurement in my results as I decided it would make the calculations t oo piteous as my crucible was solitary(prenominal) a fraction of the weight of 200g and so for the purposes of this experiment wouldnt alter my results enough to disengage it. I then measured the crucible without the lid to find out its mass (22. 27g), once recorded I then measured the Magnesium ribbon (0. 9g) I then measured the two together to check the accuracy and got a mass of 22. 56g which meant my previous(prenominal) measurements were reliable. The next step was to put the crucible with the magnesium inside and the lid on onto the pipe clay triangle above the fierce blue flame of the Bunsen burner. The lid remained on besides except for occasionally lifting it and quickly alternate it to let more(prenominal) oxygen into the magnesium hardly to try and keep as much smoke in as possible. Once the Magnesium Oxide stopped sess when the lid was move the experiment was cut and I turned off the flame and left the crucible to cool.Once cooled I weighed the crucible with the newly formed Magnesium oxide (22. 72g) and then was able to subtract my previous figure of 22. 56g from this to give a difference of 0. 16g. This 0. 16g was my mass of Oxygen. Results It cease be seen from the results that there is a direct relationship mingled with the mass of Magnesium to start with and the mass of Oxygen in the Magnesium Oxide. victimization my results I worked out the proportionality among Magnesium and Oxygen, from these results it suggests that the ratio is 1. 2 moles of Magnesium to 1 mole of Oxygen. However you cannot restrain 1. of an atom and so these results can be rounded up to a ratio of 11 which would reflect the comparability I had predicted of MgO. Conclusion The mass of Magnesium got heavier in my experiment by 0. 16g because the Magnesium joined with the Oxygen. Other schoolchilds result ranged from 0. 09 0. 46 and apart from one anomalous result the heavier the Magnesium was the higher the mass of Oxygen was. Each measure of Magnesiu m was only tried once and each measurement was done by an individual and so this may account for the stochastic actus reuss in our findings as shown on the graph, but overall our results were elegantly evenly spread.From the results I was able to plot a straight kris graph by using a line of outperform break which ran latitude to the divinatory line of best fit. My predictions for this experiment were right as the results show that the more Magnesium ribbon that was used the more oxygen was hireed to react with it and so the gradient was steady at nigh a 450 angle gradually change magnitude in mass as the Magnesium mass increased. I would say there was one anomalous result as it was prodigiously on a lower floor the line of best fit but this can be put down to a number of things such as different scales being used, different people doing each result or simple human error.Our line of best fit was slightly below the theoretical line of best fit for this experiment and I mainly believe this could be due to a taxonomic error such as the scales we used not being precisely accurate. This may however account for the magisterial error of the line of best fit being lower than the theoretical line as that slight change along with random errors may absorb lowered the results but the results were still legitimate as the line of best fit was parallel to the theoretical line meaning we had a ageless of the scales being slightly light. As can be seen from the results of our Spearmans rho and Chi Tests our results were within % of the theoretical results and so this suggests we did an accurate and valid test. We did the Spearmans rho test as this is a measure of the linear relationship between the two variables and shows us that there is a connection between our results and the theoretical ones. The Spearmans Rho test shows the accuracy of our results and our calculation came in at 98. 7% so it proves our results were really accurate. We did the Chi squar ed test as this determined whether there was a significant different between the theoretical frequencies and the discovered/practical frequencies comparing the validity of the results.At least 95% result in the Chi-squared test would prove to be valid and our result was 99. 99% so it shows our results were unquestionably valid according to the chi-squared test. We did the Spearmans and Chi-squared tests via the outperform calculations as shown on the table of results. valuation Overall our results were very accurate but there were some random and taxonomical errors which could be reduced or headstrong if we did further experiments. We could overhear done re-tests for all the Magnesium masses and taken a mean average of those results to get a more accurate reading this would possibly have reduced any authoritative errors.I made the test fair by taking the measurements of the crucible and lid and keeping them the same so that I can compare the results between the Magnesium an d Oxygen. in addition if the same person had carried out each experiment instead of each student doing a different measurement it may have been more accurate as the method may have changed slightly between each student, for example, one person may have lifted the lid a lot more frequently of for longer periods than another.The difference in the scales will in like manner account for the systematic error as shown on the graph. Also the criterion of smoke which was let out during each experiment will have varied between each student as the results were being gathered independently and the amount of smoke which escaped may account for some random errors within our results which is wherefore our results are not all as in line as the theoretical results.And e had to find a line of best fit sort of than a clear line which went by dint of each individual result as the theory would suggest. If I were to do this experiment again I would repeat the tests with each mass of Magnesium and take a mean average so as to achieve a more accurate result I would as well go out that each mass of magnesium was the same as in our experiment some students turn the Magnesium up in the crucible and others ripped it into little strips.By placing the Magnesium in the crucible in different ways it may affect how much oxygen can get to the ribbon, if it is coiled up for example it may need to be prodded and moved to allow all the Magnesium to have exposure to the Oxygen whereas the smaller strips may be more exposed without as much intervention. On both accounts though if you do need to prod the magnesium in that quantify you may be letting a lot of smoke out as the lid would obviously need to be off the crucible and so this would also need to be taken into consideration.This is why if the magnesium was placed in the crucible in exactly the same way it would make the results more accurate. To take it one step further you could period the lifting of the lid to make it more accura te, for example, lifting it every 30 seconds for a period of say 2 seconds would mean that each mass of Magnesium would be getting the same time exposed to the oxygen and so a more accurate reading of the amount of Oxygen it gains would be achieved if this was carried out with a stop watch.Also if I were to mend the investigation for next time I would increase the number of Magnesium hoi polloi used to gain a more accurate result and having more results would also make any anomalous results stand out and also expose more random and systematic errors which could be dealt with.